I've put the images for these Ka band LNBs below:

I have 10 each of the Swedish Microwave KALNB-MLO-23366 LNB's with Isolators that are new in the box, unused.

The Ka-Band 2-Band LNBs are the choice for reception of one sub-band in the Ka Receive band 17.30 to 22.30 GHz.

SMW also offers Single band and 3 to 8 Multi-LO/sub-band switchable models, Ka Transmit band monitoring LNBs/BDCs/TLTs and
LNA+BDCs systems for up to full Ka-Band simultaneous reception, with the same excellent performance and useful features.

Options include the daisy-chainable SMW M&C interface (RS-485/Modbus RTU), Sum alarm output, Customizable LOs, IF range up to 2150 MHz, Enclosure with additional fixing point and Waveguide input isolator for exceptional input matching.

These units have the exact specifications listed on the unit label as pictured. What you see in the pictures is what you get. They retail in the USA for $4800 each plus the 15% tariff.

I would like to sell them in one lot of 10 but will consider selling them one at a time.

FOB Marietta, Georgia USA 30068 zip code. Buyer pays shipping and insurance to your destination. Buyer is responsible for forwarding, duties and any import taxes required on your end.

I have added the email address of a further company, QSAT COMMUNICATIONS, to the general worldwide list of VSAT installers and service providers.

See  the full list here: https://www.satsig.net/vsat-installers/vsat-installers.htm


QSAT COMMUNICATIONS is a licenced independent satellite communications company providing VSAT services both terrestrial and maritime in QATAR, UAE & IRAQ.

Offices in: Dubai (UAE) HQ; Doha, Qatar; Amman, Jordan; Baghdad, Iraq; London, UK.

Head office contact details:
The Fairmont Dubai – Office 624
P.O Box 25251 – Dubai, UAE

Office:  +97143311066
E-Mail:  prince@qsat.co
Web:     https://www.qsat.co
Mobile: +971 506981722

The article above has been copied from another web site and is considered forum spam by search engines, so this page has been excluded from search engine indexing.

If you want the genuine article go to:
https://www.antesky.com/what-are-methods-for-antenna-tracking-system/

Best regards, Eric

The article above has been copied from another web site and will be considered forum spam by search engines, so this page has been excluded from search engine indexing.

If you want the genuine article go to:
https://www.antesky.com/the-role-of-power-amplifierpa-in-antenna-communication-s...

Best regards, Eric

In modern wireless communication systems, power amplifiers (PA) play a vital role. Whether it is our smartphones, Wi-Fi routers, or large ground stations and satellite communication systems, PA are one of the core components that ensure that signals can be transmitted effectively. Previously, we’d showed the development of Power Amplifiers(PAs). Welcome to click this link for details.This article will explore the important role of Power Amplifier(PA) in antenna communication systems and their working principles.

The main function of the power amplifier(PA) is to amplify the low-power signal to a sufficient power level to drive the antenna and achieve long-distance communication.

1. Basic functions of power amplifier(PA)
As the name implies, the power amplifier’s main function is to amplify the power of the signal. In an antenna communication system, the power amplifier(PA) is located at the end of the transmission link and is directly connected to the antenna.

In wireless communication systems, the role of the power amplifier(PA) can be summarized as follows:

Signal amplification: Amplify the low-power signal output by the modulator to the required transmission power.

Basic functions of power amplifier

Impedance matching: Ensure impedance matching between the power amplifier(PA) and the antenna to maximize power transfer efficiency.

Impedance matching of buc

Linearity guarantee: While amplifying the signal, minimize distortion and ensure signal integrity.

Linearity guarantee of buc

Efficiency optimization: Under the premise of meeting performance requirements, improve the efficiency of the power amplifier(PA) as much as possible and reduce system power consumption.

2. Key performance indicators of power amplifiers(PA)
To evaluate the performance of an amplifier, engineers usually focus on the following key parameters:

Gain: The ratio of output power to input power (usually expressed in dB )

Efficiency: The ratio of RF output power to DC input power

Linearity: The ability of an amplifier to maintain a linear relationship between output and input

Bandwidth: The frequency range over which an amplifier can operate effectively

Harmonic distortion: Harmonic components generated due to nonlinear characteristics

3. Interaction between power amplifier (PA) and antenna system
The power amplifier(PA) does not work independently, it has a complex interactive relationship with other parts of the system.

(1) Power amplifier(PA) and antenna

Impedance matching: Impedance matching between antenna and power amplifier is the key to system design. If the matching is poor, it will increase the reflected power, reduce the efficiency of the power amplifier(PA), and even damage the power amplifier.

Load mismatch: In actual applications, the antenna may cause impedance mismatch due to environmental changes (such as proximity to metal objects). The load mismatch capability of the power amplifier(PA) (such as standing wave ratio tolerance) directly affects the reliability of the system.

Radiation efficiency: The output power and linearity of the power amplifier(PA) directly affect the radiation efficiency of the antenna. If the nonlinear distortion of the power amplifier(PA) is large, it may cause the signal spectrum to expand and interfere with other frequency bands.

(2) Power amplifier(PA) and filter

Harmonic suppression: The signal output by the power amplifier(PA) usually contains harmonic components, which may interfere with other frequency bands. The function of the filter is to suppress the harmonics and ensure that the output signal meets the spectrum specifications.

Out-of-band noise: The noise performance of the power amplifier(PA) will affect the receiving sensitivity of the system. The filter can suppress the out-of-band noise generated by the power amplifier(PA) and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the system.

(3) Power amplifier and modem

Linearity requirements: Modern communication systems (such as 5G) use complex modulation methods (such as QAM, OFDM), which have extremely high requirements on the linearity of the power amplifier(PA). If the linearity of the power amplifier(PA) is insufficient, it will cause signal distortion and reduce the bit error rate performance of the system.

Dynamic range: The signal power at the modem output may vary dynamically, and the power amplifier(PA) needs to have sufficient dynamic range to handle these changes while maintaining high efficiency.

(4) Amplifier and power supply

Power efficiency: The efficiency of the PA directly affects the overall power consumption of the system. A high-efficiency PA reduces the burden on the power supply and extends battery life (in mobile devices).

Power supply noise: Power supply noise may be coupled into the RF signal through the power amplifier(PA), affecting the signal-to-noise ratio of the system. Therefore, power supply design needs to consider noise suppression.

4. Application of different types of power amplifiers(PA)
Depending on the application scenario, the communication system will use different types of power amplifiers(PA):

Class A amplifier: high linearity but low efficiency (theoretical maximum efficiency 50%), suitable for occasions with extremely high signal quality requirements

Class B amplifier: high efficiency (theoretical maximum efficiency 78.5%) but has crossover distortion

Class AB amplifier: a compromise between Class A and Class B, taking into account both efficiency and linearity

Class D amplifier: switch mode amplifier, very high efficiency (up to 90% or more) but poor linearity

Class E and Class F amplifiers: Specially designed high-efficiency switch-mode amplifiers

Future development trends of power amplifiers(PA)
The future development of power amplifier(PA) technology may focus on the following directions:

Higher efficiency: meeting the needs of green communications and energy conservation and emission reduction

Wider bandwidth: Supports multi-band and multi-standard communications

Higher integration: Integrate the power amplifier with other RF front-end components

AI Optimization: Using machine learning algorithms to optimize amplifier performance and operating points

As a key component in the antenna communication system, the performance of the power amplifier(PA) directly affects the quality, efficiency and reliability of the entire communication system. With the rapid development of technologies such as 5G, Internet of Things and satellite communications, higher requirements are placed on power amplifier technology. Understanding the role and principle of power amplifiers not only helps in the design of communication systems, but also helps us better understand the engineering challenges behind modern wireless technologies.

I'm pleased to see so many people reading the above and hopefully downloading the report on Starlink performance.

I would be interested in any personal experienes / stories about your Starlink terminal.

You may sent text and images to me by email ( eric@satsig.net ) and I will add them below here in this thread, or you can go through the forum registration process and put your text and images yourself.  The registration process is rather longwinded but unfortunately needs to be in order to stop spammers!  Emails to me works quite well.

If you want to send me images of your Starlink terminal for adding here to this forum please do this only if you have taken the pictures yourself, for copyright reasons.

Best regards. Eric

For sale 9.4m and 7.3m antennas.
 

For sale:

ASC 9.4M Ku-Band 4-Port Motorized Antenna

GDSATCOM 7.3M Ku-Band Motorized Antenna (high wind option)

Both in excellent condition; dismantling/crating is buyer’s responsibility.

If interested contact:

Satcom Solutions Inc.
Cell: 732-810-9919
Skype: satcomsolutionsinc
Web:  http://www.satcomsolutions.org/

It is worth a comment from me here regarding the accuracy and correctness of posted messages in this forum.

Google Search reads all messages in this forum. I think Google AI hopes to learn from these (!) plus everything else on the internet about satellite communications. It is important therefore that all your real human contributions are as accurate as possible.

Please avoid posting any AI generated messages to avoid AI systems feeding on their own output !

Also, please avoid posting duplicates of what is already on the internet. Just put a link instead. For example, you can do this by typing similar to this example:

Code:

[url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3589334.3645328]Starlink satellite network performance report[/url] 

The bit between url= and the next ] is the intended destination web page. The text "Starlink ... report" is what you need to invent to describe what your link leads to.

Best regards, Eric.

The word "omnidirectional" is often used in the base station context. It refers to an antenna with an even intended useable gain in all horizontal directions (360 deg of azimuth). The gain upwards to the sky or directly down to the ground will be very low. Such antenna patterns are referred to having a dumbbell or toroidal shape. Gain in all horizontal directions, of a simple (and perfect) dipole is 0 dBd or +2.15 dBi. Higher horizontal gains may be achieved by stacking many dipole type radiators directly above one another.

In all radio systems the signal power flux density becomes reduced, as the signal spreads out, the further you go from the source . The reduction is normally described as "spreading loss" or "path loss". The word "attenuation" is particularly applicable to rain fading where some of the signal may be absorbed by the rain.